“We have learned that trauma is not just an event that took place sometime in the past; it is also the imprint left by that experience on mind, brain, and body. This imprint has ongoing consequences for how the human organism manages to survive in the present.”

This excerpt from New York Times bestseller The Body Keeps the Score resonates with Michelle Moyer and her students for different reasons. During Michelle’s fifteen-year career as an elementary teacher, she experienced domestic abuse and subsequent diagnoses of Multiple Sclerosis and breast cancer. Her second graders at Mohegan Elementary in Uncasville, CT, also exhibit physical symptoms of trauma caused by a different set of issues, including:

• being bullied by sibling with no adult intervention
• witnessing arguments and verbal abuse between divorced parents
• fear of caregivers, and
• parents’ substance abuse and serious health issues.

“Due to my own life experience with trauma and anxiety, I can identify and understand many of the [trauma-induced] behaviors the students are exhibiting,” wrote Michelle in her grant proposal. “I know the challenges and difficulties associated with processing and moving past these feelings and I want to help my students successfully conquer, or in the very least, begin their journey to conquer them.”

Their mutual path to wholeness involved a Fund for Teachers grant and a rowboat.

Last summer with a $5,000 grant, Michelle learned to row a single shell on lakes in Italy. She designed this unique fellowship to engage in personal trauma recovery as a role model for students with trauma and to revise a social-emotional learning (SEL) curriculum using skills and strategies learned to build a safe, supportive classroom community.

Rowing with a local club was already playing a role in Michelle’s recovery. The activity aligned with the four steps to trauma recovery documented in Dr. Jennifer Sweeton’s book Trauma Treatment Toolbox by:

1. Providing a safe space of acceptance and individuality;
2. Fostering community, healthy connections, and a sense of belonging;
3. Helping to realign emotional systems, and;
4. Igniting a new self to dream and hope for a joyful and successful future.

Designing this particular fellowship was the next step for her and her students.

“My fellowship provided intensive, guided instruction with a one-on-one coach designed to focus on skills such as self-trust, risk-taking, adapting to unfamiliar circumstances, physical challenges, asking for help, receiving constructive criticism, trusting someone else, potential trauma triggers, and facing failures,” said Michelle. “It encompassed the same four steps I want my students to experience, so this grant supported my own journey through trauma to inform and increase understanding of my students with trauma.”

“My very first day of rowing, was in a coastal boat, which I had zero experience in. I was soooo nervous!” she said. “It was also one of the hottest days of the summer. Being nervous, and now fearing my MS may come into play due to the heat, I hesitated. I paused, took some mindful moments, processed my fear, and said ‘I will NOT allow fear to take this from me.’ I got in the boat. Acclimating to the boat, I began to row. I began to row strong! Best Rowing! Best Rowing! the Italian coach cheered!”

Michelle is now modeling for her students what resiliency and healing look like. She’s also refining an SEL curriculum that includes specific activities to help students begin to think about, define, and create a positive self-identity.

“I want to show them the possibilities truly are endless for their young selves, IF they ALLOW themselves to try!” Michelle said. “Through journals, role play, read alouds, discussions (I researched, bought, and organized many new books), and relationships (making sure I dedicate time to talk and listen to each student), I am committed to connecting and discovering the needs of each student.”

She is also leveraging her personal growth to see her students through a new lens and guide a pedagogy switch from behavior management to behavior modification. “No more reacting to behaviors,” she said, “but leaning-in to them with the student to understand ‘the why.’”

“Through therapy, personal reflection, and exercise I am only now discovering myself, my authentic self,” said Michelle. “It has been a long and difficult journey, but very rewarding. One that equipped me to help my students on a new level — especially vital in this new world of pandemics. I want to be that one person, that one place, where my students have the chance to find out how the beautiful the world really is!”

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Michelle Moyer is a second-grade teacher who has taught in Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. She believes teaching and learning in the elementary classroom should be meaningful, integrative, value-based, challenging, and active. Michelle empowers her students through comprehensive SEL and restorative practices, collaborative environments, and high standards. A teacher for 15 years, her career accomplishments include being an FFT Fellow and earning a master’s degree in education.

“To forget would be not only dangerous but offensive; to forget the dead would be akin to killing them a second time.” — Elie Wiesel, Night

“It has been almost 80 years since the end of WWII and the horrors of the Holocaust. The survivors of a people’s systematic and institutional genocide are passing away, and their stories are being forgotten. However, the perpetration of genocide and intolerance continues throughout our world. Unfortunately, it seems that the lessons of the past have been pushed aside at times. It is the duty of every educational institution, including our own, to teach and remind students of the history so that they, and those who come after them, actively speak and work to prevent such events from happening again.”

These were the first sentences of the grant proposal submitted by Sandi Burgess and Marymargaret Mineff, teachers at Chicago’s Morgan Park Academy. With a $10,000 Fund for Teachers grant last summer, they gathered materials, impressions, and insights pertaining to the Holocaust across eight European countries to inform the creation of a student-led podcast series around the Five Steps to Genocide.

They shaped their itinerary based on Holocaust sites of deportation, cultural and artistic loss, memorialization and remembrance, and/or forced labor and experimentation with the goal of providing students with primary resources connected to themes of identity, choice, and responsibility. Experiencing sites in Germany, Poland, Austria, Czechia, Hungary, The Netherlands, Belgium, and France surfaced more than historical awareness.

“I think that while I was going through all of these different countries, I saw how each country had chosen to address their truth by maybe not taking away their bias,” Sandi reflected. “As a history teacher I am constantly trying to view history through so many lenses and to address my own bias and saw the result of what happens when you don’t.”

“I know a lot about the Holcaust from scholarly study, but seeing these spaces really made me look differently at the ‘facts’ as I know them,” added Marymargaret. “For example, we could not figure out why Budapest was so ‘different’ from the other places we visited and stayed until we realized that 95% of Budapest Jews did not survive and so the ‘ghetto’ never was repopulated after the war.”

Students are now using these materials in their research and scriptwriting as they curate a series of episodes outlining the history of the Holocaust for middle school and high school peers.

“Our school has a new makerspace and expanded technology center, which contains a small recording studio with video and audio capabilities,” the teachers explained. “Students are using this studio to produce the podcast series. We are also collaborating with our IT and music/broadcasting teacher, who will also be bringing back our
in-house internet radio station.”

Teams of students are now in the process of creating and producing 12-15 episodes on one of five topics:

1. Resistance
2. Rescuers
3. Cultural Genocide
4. Children as Victims, and,
5. Remembrance and Memorialization

Today, for International Holocaust Remembrance Day, Marymargaret and Sandi’s middle school students remembered those who died in the Holocaust with a special ceremony. Students created luminary bags for individuals using small biography cards distributed by the United States Holocaust Museum and Memorial to create their own symbols of remembrance.

“Holocaust education is important and has been important for a long time, but I feel an especially urgent call for Holocaust education in today’s world,” Sandi said. “I hope that from this unit and its projects, our students will share what they have learned with their families and friends. I also hope that their podcast series is a hit and is used by other schools and organizations seeking to help middle level students understand the significance of this history.”

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Marymargaret and Sandi documented their fellowship on Instagram. For more of their learning and photographs, visit @sburgessmpa.

“We have learned that trauma is not just an event that took place sometime in the past; it is also the imprint left by that experience on mind, brain, and body. This imprint has ongoing consequences for how the human organism manages to survive in the present.”

This excerpt from New York Times bestseller The Body Keeps the Score resonates with Michelle Moyer and her students for different reasons. During Michelle’s fifteen-year career as an elementary teacher, she experienced domestic abuse and subsequent diagnoses of Multiple Sclerosis and breast cancer. Her second graders at Mohegan Elementary in Uncasville, CT, also exhibit physical symptoms of trauma caused by a different set of issues, including:

• being bullied by sibling with no adult intervention
• witnessing arguments and verbal abuse between divorced parents
• fear of caregivers, and
• parents’ substance abuse and serious health issues.

“Due to my own life experience with trauma and anxiety, I can identify and understand many of the [trauma-induced] behaviors the students are exhibiting,” wrote Michelle in her grant proposal. “I know the challenges and difficulties associated with processing and moving past these feelings and I want to help my students successfully conquer, or in the very least, begin their journey to conquer them.”

Their mutual path to wholeness involved a Fund for Teachers grant and a rowboat.

Last summer with a $5,000 grant, Michelle learned to row a single shell on lakes in Italy. She designed this unique fellowship to engage in personal trauma recovery as a role model for students with trauma and to revise a social-emotional learning (SEL) curriculum using skills and strategies learned to build a safe, supportive classroom community.

Rowing with a local club was already playing a role in Michelle’s recovery. The activity aligned with the four steps to trauma recovery documented in Dr. Jennifer Sweeton’s book Trauma Treatment Toolbox by:

1. Providing a safe space of acceptance and individuality;
2. Fostering community, healthy connections, and a sense of belonging;
3. Helping to realign emotional systems, and;
4. Igniting a new self to dream and hope for a joyful and successful future.

Designing this particular fellowship was the next step for her and her students.

“My fellowship provided intensive, guided instruction with a one-on-one coach designed to focus on skills such as self-trust, risk-taking, adapting to unfamiliar circumstances, physical challenges, asking for help, receiving constructive criticism, trusting someone else, potential trauma triggers, and facing failures,” said Michelle. “It encompassed the same four steps I want my students to experience, so this grant supported my own journey through trauma to inform and increase understanding of my students with trauma.”

“My very first day of rowing, was in a coastal boat, which I had zero experience in. I was soooo nervous!” she said. “It was also one of the hottest days of the summer. Being nervous, and now fearing my MS may come into play due to the heat, I hesitated. I paused, took some mindful moments, processed my fear, and said ‘I will NOT allow fear to take this from me.’ I got in the boat. Acclimating to the boat, I began to row. I began to row strong! Best Rowing! Best Rowing! the Italian coach cheered!”

Michelle is now modeling for her students what resiliency and healing look like. She’s also refining an SEL curriculum that includes specific activities to help students begin to think about, define, and create a positive self-identity.

“I want to show them the possibilities truly are endless for their young selves, IF they ALLOW themselves to try!” Michelle said. “Through journals, role play, read alouds, discussions (I researched, bought, and organized many new books), and relationships (making sure I dedicate time to talk and listen to each student), I am committed to connecting and discovering the needs of each student.”

She is also leveraging her personal growth to see her students through a new lens and guide a pedagogy switch from behavior management to behavior modification. “No more reacting to behaviors,” she said, “but leaning-in to them with the student to understand ‘the why.’”

“Through therapy, personal reflection, and exercise I am only now discovering myself, my authentic self,” said Michelle. “It has been a long and difficult journey, but very rewarding. One that equipped me to help my students on a new level — especially vital in this new world of pandemics. I want to be that one person, that one place, where my students have the chance to find out how the beautiful the world really is!”

[minti_divider style=”1″ icon=”” margin=”20px 0px 20px 0px”]

Michelle Moyer is a second-grade teacher who has taught in Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. She believes teaching and learning in the elementary classroom should be meaningful, integrative, value-based, challenging, and active. Michelle empowers her students through comprehensive SEL and restorative practices, collaborative environments, and high standards. A teacher for 15 years, her career accomplishments include being an FFT Fellow and earning a master’s degree in education.

This morning, SxSWEdu kicked off virtually with a keynote by Oprah Winfrey and Dr. Bruce Perry on the topic of how childhood experiences change the biology of our bodies and brains. The discussion was based on research comprising a book they co-authored called “What Happened to You?” which will be available April 27^th. Because teachers were busy teaching during this livestream, here are a few highlights…

What is trauma?

• Trauma is an experience that can literally influence the way your stress response system works and, as a result, have long-term impact on a person.
• The experience itself is not necessarily the trauma: It’s the ability to manage that experience based on events that have prepared or not prepared one to do so.
• The trauma doesn’t have to be “huge,” but can be “silent traumas” that have equal impact.
• Our body’s stress response systems housed in the brain are malleable in response to the pattern of stressor that we experience. If our experiences with stress are unpredictable (i.e., we have no control over them) we can have changes in stress that look like a “Capital T” trauma. For instance, if a minority in a majority community experience unpredictable “micro aggressions,” those little events make us overly sensitized and makes us biologically predisposed to diabetes, heart disease, asthma, etc.

Oprah’s Main Message

• Our brain development and decision-making patterns are shaped by the first few years of our life experiences. Not 0-6 years, but the first two months of life.
• This is the “Bing Bing Bing Moment”: Traumatic experiences during development change our biology and make us at an increased risk for health problems, substance abuses, etc.. But if look at WHEN those adverse experience take place, it’s the first couple of months.
• Kids with lots of adversity and few relational supports who get into healthy environments after those first two months have worse outcomes than kids who have nurturing first two months and THEN have trauma.
• Key Thing: The older a child gets and the more they struggle, the more the world misunderstands their behavior. “Your inattention and misbehavior” vs. “Something happened to you.”

The Brain as a Layered Cake

• Envision brain as upside down triangle.
• Regulatory systems that control breathing involved in the stress response is the bottom layer, the foundation. When activated, we shut down the top layers of our brain responsible for sensory information, motor skills and reason — the cortex.
• When someone speaks with us, that information goes into lower part of the brain first, through the lower reactionary part of brain, then the emotional part of brain, and, finally, reasoning part of the brain.
• As parents, teachers, therapists, we must figure out how to balance students’ regulatory systems (that bottom layer) before we can reach and teach them. We will never get to where we want to be with students if we don’t address the trauma response.

Regulate to Educate

• When a child’s Initial signal from the world is that they are in a place of danger, even when in a safe place (school), the brain is wired to believe everything is a threat.
• Our brains are exquisitely tuned to the relational cues people are giving. We can’t coach, reason, teach students when they are during their anger. Biologically, it will not work.
• Being “regulated” means being in balance. Our bodies have all these systems to keep us in balance (lungs balance oxygen, for example). Our stress response systems in lower part of the brain are continually getting information from the outside and inside world. One of the major set of signals are the relational milieus, signals from people around us. When we get signals from people around us that we belong, we feel safe. When we don’t, when we feel marginalized or degraded, we feel dysregulated.
• Perry’s main message to teachers: “We must regulate first before you can have any kind of reasoning.”

 

The Pandemic’s Impact on Teachers and Students’ Mental Health

• A Center for Disease Control report states that “beginning in April 2020, the proportion of children’s mental health-related ER visits among all pediatric ER visits increased and remained elevated through October. Compared with 2019, the proportion of mental health-related visits for children aged 5-11 and 12-17 increased approximately 24% and 31% respectively.”
• The question: Will the education community and those who support it be willing to do the things to help these kids become better regulated and restore their resistance?
• This year drained the reserves of educators and children. And, there were many who started this pandemic already on empty.
• The way forward is revisiting the “sequence of engagement” – the brain as a layer cake. When the cortex is shut down and dysregulated, no matter how much we teach, won’t change what’s happening in the cortex. The first thing we must do is help kids get regulated, get back in routine.
• Pushing teachers and students when they’re dysregulated will make it worse and everyone will fall further behind.

How to Regulate?

1. Being with other people. When we’re in the presence of people with whom we belong, we feel safer. Kids need to play with each other. We need to reconnect and encourage relational interaction.
2. Take advantage of rhythm. Rhythm is a gift we have. One of the first primal sets of memories we have is the power of pattern and repetitive memory and being regulated in the womb. Let kids run, dance, play.

Signs of Trauma Teachers Can Look For?

1. Inattentiveness: Either hypervigilance or tuning out (disassociation). Both get labeled as “ADD” and students frequently end up on medications that don’t help.

Disassociation: A lot of teachers’ first thought is: “What’s wrong with this kid? I’m teaching and they are daydreaming.” However, we tend to disassociate to protect   ourselves. Usually, the first thing that shows up with people who have been traumatized is disassociation. This is a confusing presentation for educators. One of the confusing presentations of  disassociation is the student who loves reading. They go to another world. But when they attempt math – they can’t do it. Math requires linear, sequential focus and these kids are dipping in and out of focus. When a kid has all A’s in reading and D’s in math, one could think “I know you’re smart and that you can do it, but you’re choosing not to.” It’s really an example of dissociation.

2. Passivity and compliance: It’s easy for teachers to misinterpret passive and compliant students as quiet little learners who are following direction. If one looks carefully, however, the kids who are doing these compliant behaviors (not always, but often) are wanting to get the teacher to leave them alone.

How Can Our History Bring Clarity?

• Teachers often feel as if misbehavior is directed toward them. However, if students have a history of trauma, everything is fight or flight for them. A teacher’s physical nearness (such as coming up behind their desk) triggers a physical cue.
• If we teach educators about trauma and the responses, teachers can shift in the way they understand the child. Teachers no longer take it personally, but ask, “What happened to you?” and the interaction changes.
• Over the years, children have been punished, ostracized, made to feel shamed by the behavior which only makes it worse.

The Hope

• All parts of the brain are malleable, the key is actually reaching the parts of the brain with sufficient repetition to cause change.
• Children who have these early life insults and profound disabilities during development, if they also have exposure to nurturing relationships, can and will get better. It just takes time.
• “All it takes is one person who believes in you,” said Oprah. “I was saved by Miss Duncan in the fourth grade. All it takes is one person who believes in you and for a lot of children in this world that’s all they have…and that safe place is schools for most kids.”

Before Mitch McCann and Jazmine Salach‘s Fund for Teachers fellowship, teachers at KIPP Endeavor in Kansas City felt ill equipped to serve their students identifying as homeless, experiencing abuse and/or living in foster care. Now, the FFT Fellows serve as a beacon to both students and staff after investigating trauma intervention strategies at the 15th European Congress of Psychology Conference in Amsterdam.

“My work for the past four years has shown me that even the most tenured and well-meaning teachers are not suitably prepared to reach students struggling with traumatic events in their lives,” said Mitch. “By and large, we were failing our students because we were not teaching the whole child.”

For one week last July, Jazmine and Mitch met with professors from the Child Development and Education Department at the University of Amsterdam to discuss instructional strategies that reinforce children’s learning processes. Their research was then supported by the conference, which featured experts on life-changing events, strengthening resilience and effective psychological interventions. Breakout sessions provided opportunities to learn best practices from global peers and purchase books that help students understand their emotions. The fellowship concluded with site visits to two progressive elementary schools and one special education school to gain more insight on how European schools deal with trauma in the classroom.

“Trauma affects our students in various ways, and it was difficult for me to do research on my own without knowing what to look for,” said Jazmine. “The presentations given at the conference were small-scale, easy to digest, and gave a more in-depth snapshot on topics that I was interested in and now daily impact my instruction.”

Upon their return to Kansas City, the teaching team created a Trauma Task Force at their school. Training on Adverse Childhood Experiences (or ACEs) and student support strategies now help teachers better understand their students, and the school is discussing plans to become a trauma-informed campus. Jazmine participates in a Student Support Team, which identifies students who have experienced high levels of trauma and collaborates with grade-level teams to develop individualized assistance. This spring, KIPP Endeavor will also begin incorporating sensory carts (paid for with funds remaining from the FFT grant) for students who need extra space to feel safe but can remain in the classroom to avoid missing instruction.

“By better understanding where students are coming from and proactively assisting my students in dealing with past and current trauma, they are: 1) remaining in the classroom 2) more successful academically 3) learning adaptive strategies on dealing with their trauma and 4) becoming healthier, more productive individuals,” said Mitch. “In leading development of my colleagues to do the same, it makes our whole school team and family a better place to work and learn.”